china making oil from coal

China's will start this year to use coal to make fuel,they will be able to produce more than one million tons of oil each year, significantly reducing their dependence on oil imports.
Shenhua group corporation limited, one of china's largest coal producers,launched the coal liquefaction project in 2004 in erdos, a city in the inner mangolia autonomous region.
The project transforms coal into refined oil, when the sesond fhase is completed in 2010,the plant will produce 6 million tons of oil products each year and help reduce china's reliance on oil imports, said wang pinggang vice president of shenhua group.
The coal liquefaction technique has drawn increasing attention lately as international oil price increases.
Statistics from the national development and reform commission show that oil consumption increase 9.3 percent in china in 2006 to top 346 million tons,with net imports growing 19.6 percent to 163 million tons.

This article is about the Chinese civilization. For the modern political entity governing mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau, see People's Republic of China. For the modern political entity governing Taiwan, see Republic of China. For other uses, see China (disambiguation).
China


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Traditional Chinese: 中國
Simplified Chinese: 中国
[show]Transliterations
Kejia (Hakka)
- Romanization: Chûng-koet
Mandarin
- Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōngguó
- Tongyong Pinyin: Jhongguó
- Wade-Giles: Chung¹-kuo²
Listen (help·info)
Min
- Min-nan POJ: Tiong-kok
Yue (Cantonese)
- Jyutping: zung¹ gwok³

This article contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
China (traditional Chinese: 中國; simplified Chinese: 中国; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōngguó (help·info); Tongyong Pinyin: Jhongguó; Wade-Giles (Mandarin): Chung¹kuo²) is a cultural region, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity occupying a large portion of land in East Asia.

China has one of the world's oldest people and continuous civilizations, consisting of states and cultures dating back more than six millennia. It has the world's longest continuously used written language system, and is the source of such major inventions as what the British scholar and biochemist Joseph Needham called the "four great inventions of Ancient China": paper, the compass, gunpowder, and printing. Historically China's cultural sphere has been very influential in East Asia as a whole, with Chinese religion, customs, and writing system being adopted, to varying degrees, by its neighbors Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.

The stalemate of the last Chinese Civil War has resulted in two political entities using the name China: the People's Republic of China (PRC), commonly known as China, which controls mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau; and the Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, which controls the island of Taiwan and some nearby islands.

Contents [hide]
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Prehistory
2.2 Dynastic rule
2.3 Republic of China (1912–1949)
2.4 People's Republic of China and Republic of China (1949–present)
3 Territory and environment
3.1 Historical political divisions
3.2 Geography and climate
4 Economy
5 Society
5.1 Culture
5.1.1 Arts, scholarship, and literature
6 Demography
6.1 Languages
6.2 Religion
7 Sports and recreation
8 Science and technology
9 See also
10 References
11 External links



Etymology
Main article: Names of China
China is called 'Zhongguo' (中國 or 中国) in Chinese. The character zhōng means "middle" or central; the latter, guo, means land, or kingdom.

The name "Zhongguo" appeared first in the Classic of History (6th Century BCE), and was used to refer to the late Zhou Dynasty, as they believed that they were the "center of civilization" [1], while peoples in the four cardinals were called Eastern Yi, Southern Man, Western Rong and Northern Di respectively. Some texts imply that "Zhongguo" was originally meant to refer to the capital of the sovereign, to differ from the capital of his vassals.[2] The use of "Zhongguo" implied a claim of political legitimacy. "Zhongguo" was often used by states who saw themselves as the sole legitimate successor to previous Chinese dynasties; for example, in the era of the Southern Song Dynasty, both the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song state claimed to be "Zhongguo".[3]

"Zhongguo" came to official use as an abbreviation for the Republic of China (Zhonghua Minguo) after the government's establishment in 1912. Since the People's Republic of China, established in 1949, now controls the great majority of area encompassed within the traditional concept of "China", the People's Republic is the political unit most commonly identified with the abbreviated name "Zhongguo". [4]

English and many other languages use various forms of the name "China" and the prefix "Sino-" or "Sin-". These forms are thought to derive from the name of the Qin Dynasty that first unified the country (221–206 BCE). The pronunciation of "Qin" is similar to the phonetic "cheen", which is considered the possible root of the word "China"[5].


History
Main articles: History of China and Timeline of Chinese history
History of China
ANCIENT
3 Sovereigns and 5 Emperors
Xia Dynasty 2100–1600 BCE
Shang Dynasty 1600–1046 BCE
Zhou Dynasty 1122–256 BCE
Western Zhou
Eastern Zhou
Spring and Autumn Period
Warring States Period
IMPERIAL
Qin Dynasty 221 BCE–206 BCE
Han Dynasty 206 BCE–220 CE
Western Han
Xin Dynasty
Eastern Han
Three Kingdoms 220–280
Wei, Shu & Wu
Jin Dynasty 265–420
Western Jin
Eastern Jin 16 Kingdoms
304–439
Southern & Northern Dynasties 420–589
Sui Dynasty 581–618
Tang Dynasty 618–907
( Second Zhou 690–705 )
5 Dynasties &
10 Kingdoms
907–960 Liao Dynasty
907–1125

Song Dynasty
960–1279
Northern Song W. Xia Dyn.
Southern Song Jin Dyn.
Yuan Dynasty 1271–1368
Ming Dynasty 1368–1644
Qing Dynasty 1644–1911
MODERN
Republic of China 1912–1949
People's Republic
of China 1949–present

1949-1976
1976-1989
1989-2002
2002-present
Republic of China
(on Taiwan)
1945-present

Dynasties in Chinese History
Economic History of China
Historiography of China
History of Chinese Art
History of Education in China
History of Science and Technology in China
Legal History of China
Linguistic History of China
Military History of China
Naval History of China
Timeline of Chinese History
This box: view • talk • edit
Ancient China was one of the earliest centers of human civilization.